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Infected wild Lesser Antillean iguana (Iguana delicatissima) with Devriesea agamarum, showing clinical signs of dermatitis and inflammatory skin nodule on underarm.

Note.  Adapted from Hellebuyck et al., (2017), A virulent clone of Devriesea agamarum affects endangered Lesser Antillean iguanas (Iguana delicatissima), licensed under CC BY 4.0. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
01  Devrieseasis


Devrieseasis is caused by Devriesea agamarum, a bacterial pathogen affecting various lizard species. Clinical presentation of the disease includes dermatitis, cheilitis, and, in severe cases, septicemia. It can survive in the environment for up to five months and is highly contagious. Asymptomatic carriers pose a threat to disease spread, as D. agamarum can persist in the oral microbiota. Antibiotics and vaccines have been tested for their effectiveness in eliminating D. agamarum and preventing disease. Devrieseasis presence in wild lizard populations should be monitored to manage the spread of disease.




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Found in:
Saint Barthelemy
Austria
Croatia
Switzerland
Belgium
Spain



Green iguana (Iguana iguana) infected with nannizziomycosis showing clinical signs of skin lesions. These often vary in showing discoloration, swelling, ulceration, or necrotic changes.

Note.  From Schilliger et al., (2023), Major emerging fungal diseases of reptiles and amphibians, licensed under CC BY 4.0. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
02  Nannizziomycosis (Yellow Fungus Disease)

Nannizziomycosis, formerly referred to as yellow fungus disease, is responsible for causing skin lesions in various reptilian species. The causative agent of this disease is a variety of Nannizziopsis species. The most commonly affected species, bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps), often present with yellow discoloration, swelling, and skin crusting. Progression of this disease could lead to fungal invasion within the bone and muscle. Nannizziomycosis is a globally recognized fungal disease that is highly contagious. Although antifungal medications have been used to treat this disease, they have been reported to be unsuccessful. Ongoing surveillance should be enhanced, and the use of disinfectants could help manage the spread of disease.




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Found in:
North America
Europe
Africa
Asia
New Zealand
Australia